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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_NonNeosMember" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_NonNeosMember"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="1" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_ecd_AllIndividualsMember" xlink:to="loc_ecd_NonNeosMember" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_RestatementDeterminationDate" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_RestatementDeterminationDate"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="2" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_ecd_RecoveryOfErrCompDisclosureLineItems" xlink:to="loc_ecd_RestatementDeterminationDate" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_AggtErrCompAmt" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_AggtErrCompAmt"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="3" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_ecd_RecoveryOfErrCompDisclosureLineItems" xlink:to="loc_ecd_AggtErrCompAmt" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_StkPrcOrTsrEstimationMethodTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_StkPrcOrTsrEstimationMethodTextBlock"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="5" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_ecd_RecoveryOfErrCompDisclosureLineItems" xlink:to="loc_ecd_StkPrcOrTsrEstimationMethodTextBlock" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
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    <link:presentationArc order="6" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_ecd_RecoveryOfErrCompDisclosureLineItems" xlink:to="loc_ecd_OutstandingAggtErrCompAmt" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ecd_AggtErrCompNotYetDeterminedTextBlock" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2024/ecd-2024.xsd#ecd_AggtErrCompNotYetDeterminedTextBlock"/>
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    <link:presentationArc order="12" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_ecd_RecoveryOfErrCompDisclosureLineItems" xlink:to="loc_ecd_ForgoneRecoveryExplanationOfImpracticabilityTextBlock" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
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